![]() ![]() The information from this study can be used to develop design guidance systems, numerical modelling, and to give an overview and knowledge to other researchers who are or will conduct research in this field. Pre-loading with prefabricated vertical drain (PVDs) methods and lightweight fill were found to be widely used techniques in soft ground improvement. Additionally, it is found that geometric data is a key factor in embankment design. The findings show that settlement, slope stability, and soil bearing capacity are all challenges to constructing the road embankment. The factors that contribute to the stability of the road embankment are reviewed by approach, results of past studies, and historical cases. Frequently used techniques for soft ground improvement are discussed. This paper presents an exhaustive review of the challenges faced in the construction of road embankments on soft ground and proposes a direction for future development. Furthermore, for the fully mobilised arching, the pile efficacy was well predicted by four analytical models. At this state, the load-sharing ratio or the pile efficacy (ratio of load borne by the pile cap to the total load) remained steady. When sufficient differential settlement was reached, the partially mobilised soil arching developed to the fully mobilised state. During the consolidation procedure, the excess pore pressure dissipated remarkably, leading to a noticeable increase in the differential settlement. This partially mobilised arching was weakened under surcharge loading. When the differential settlement was relatively small, the soil arching effect developed rapidly as the differential settlement increased, also showing a partially mobilised characteristic. The results indicated that, with the construction height increasing, the excess pore pressure caused by pile installations in the foundation soil decreased slightly and the pile–subsoil differential settlement increased insignificantly. The soil stress, the accumulative settlement and the excess pore pressure at different locations in the field were monitored. The tests were performed following three procedures: construction, surcharge loading and consolidation. This study presents field investigations of a geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment for a transformer substation constructed on a soft marine deposit. The variation of layered settlement and pore water pressure illustrates that the embankment settlement is mainly caused by the compression of soils within pile length, which is about 90 % of the total settlement the influence depth of pore water pressure is about 1/3 pile length. The field monitoring results indicates that the critical height of embankment is about 1.1 times the pile net spacing, and the small-spacing arranged TC piles can be applied to low embankment engineering the load share rate can reflect the degree of soil arching more better and steadily and exceeds 70 % at the end of monitoring period the settlements of pile cap and soil between piles mainly occurs in the embankment construction period the different settlement between pile cap and soil approaches the maximum and then reduces gradually when the embankment height is about 2.2 times the pile net spacing. Based on the case of TC pile-reinforced embankment on soft ground, and according to the monitoring data of the TC pile-reinforced embankment system, the treatment effect and reinforcement characteristics for this system were analyzed. The plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile (TC pile) with a small diameter consists of pre-driven plastic tube filled with concrete.
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